Encoding in OAuth 2.0: PKCE and Base64URL Tokens
OAuth 2.0 uses Base64URL encoding for tokens, code challenges, and state parameters. Learn the exact encoding steps for PKCE and how to decode tokens safely.
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Tags: security, oauth, encoding
Encoding in OAuth 2.0: PKCE, State Params, and Base64URL Tokens OAuth 2.0 uses encoding at multiple points in its flows, each for a distinct purpose. Understanding which encoding is used where — and why — helps you implement OAuth correctly and avoid subtle security mistakes that developers make when they do not understand what the encoding is doing. This article covers the encoding mechanics of the Authorization Code flow with PKCE, state parameters, token formats, and the token endpoint request. --- Base64URL: The OAuth-Friendly Encoding OAuth tokens frequently appear in URLs. Standard Base64 uses , , and characters that are special in URLs. Base64URL is a variant that replaces these with URL-safe characters: | Standard Base64 | Base64URL | |----------------|-----------| | | | | | | |…
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