HTML Escaping: htmlspecialchars, he, and DOMPurify
Compare HTML escaping approaches: PHP's htmlspecialchars, the 'he' npm library, and DOMPurify. Learn which to use for templates, APIs, and rich text.
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Tags: encoding, html, security
HTML Escaping Guide: htmlspecialchars, he, and DOMPurify Compared HTML escaping is the act of converting characters that have syntactic meaning in HTML into their entity equivalents, so they render as literal text rather than being interpreted as markup. Every major language has a function for it. The functions differ in defaults, coverage, and what they're designed for. This article compares the most common approaches: PHP's , the JavaScript library, React's built-in escaping, Python's , and DOMPurify for rich HTML sanitization. What HTML Escaping Must Do At minimum, any escaping function must handle the five structurally significant HTML characters: | Character | Entity | Why | |-----------|--------|-----| | | | Starts entity references | | | | Opens tags | | | | Closes tags | | | |…
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