Schema Definition Languages: JSON Schema, OpenAPI, Avro, and CUE
Compare schema definition languages for validating and documenting data: JSON Schema, OpenAPI, Apache Avro, Protobuf IDL, and CUE.
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Tags: data, schema, validation
Schema Definition Languages: JSON Schema, OpenAPI, Avro, and CUE A schema is a contract. It says: "data in this system looks like this." Schema definition languages give you a formal way to express that contract — the types, constraints, required fields, valid values, and relationships in your data. The schema language you choose determines what you can express, what tooling you get, and how hard migration becomes. This guide covers the four most important schema definition languages for modern systems: JSON Schema, OpenAPI, Avro, and CUE. JSON Schema JSON Schema (draft 2020-12 is the current version) is the most widely used schema language for JSON validation. It's a JSON document that describes what valid JSON looks like. Basic Structure What JSON Schema Can Express Types: , , , , , ,…
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