Schema Definition Languages: JSON Schema, OpenAPI
Compare schema definition languages for validating and documenting data: JSON Schema, OpenAPI, Apache Avro, Protobuf IDL, and CUE.
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Tags: data, schema, validation
Schema Definition Languages: JSON Schema, OpenAPI, Avro, and CUE A schema is a contract. It says: "data in this system looks like this." Schema definition languages give you a formal way to express that contract — the types, constraints, required fields, valid values, and relationships in your data. The schema language you choose determines what you can express, what tooling you get, and how hard migration becomes. This guide covers the four most important schema definition languages for modern systems: JSON Schema, OpenAPI, Avro, and CUE. --- Why Schema Languages Matter Without a schema: Services agree on data format through documentation that gets out of date Runtime type errors are the way you discover disagreements No automated validation at input boundaries Refactoring is scary — you…
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